Failures by Mexican law enforcement aggravate rise in killings of women

When 27-year-old Ariadna Lopez was found dead beside a highway in the central Mexican state of Morelos in October, local investigators were fast to declare there were “no signs of violence.”

But their version of events — that Lopez died of asphyxiation as a result of alcohol intoxication — quickly unraveled.

First, Lopez’s family publicly decried the idea there was no crime committed, pointing to bruises on Lopez’s body.

Then, a second autopsy conducted at the behest of officials in Mexico City, where she had visited a restaurant the evening she died, said her body showed various blunt force injuries and concluded multiple trauma was the cause of death.

The case has shone a fresh spotlight on repeated shortcomings in investigations of violent crimes against women in Mexico, where recorded numbers of murders of women are rising.

In the days after Lopez’s death, Mexico City Mayor Claudia Sheinbaum accused Morelos prosecutors of “wanting to cover up the femicide” due to alleged corrupt links with the suspected killer, without giving detailed evidence.

Morelos chief prosecutor Uriel Carmona denies wrongdoing and said he had no links with the suspect. He has said that although Lopez’s body did have bruises, his office’s original autopsy was correct.

For Teresa Rodriguez, a sociologist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), the attempt to blame Lopez for her own death, by drinking too much, falls into a pattern of victim-blaming common in Mexico.

This often discourages women from reporting crimes.

“The most tragic part is that this tendency to re-victimize and victim-blame doesn’t even require corruption,” said Rodriguez. 

Rising femicide

Lopez’s case fits a grim pattern of botched investigations into killings of women. In April, 18-year-old Debanhi Escobar was found dead near a motel in the state of Nuevo Leon. A first autopsy ruled accidental death; a second found sexual assault and battery; and a third concluded she had died of asphyxiation.

In 2017, the family of Lesvy Berlin, who was found strangled in a phone box in Mexico City, was first told by investigators she committed suicide. Authorities, who eventually ruled the death a femicide, took two years to apologize.

More than 5,600 women were killed in Mexico in the first nine months of this year, according to government data, an average of 20 a day.

Half were presumed manslaughter, just over a third, murder, and 12 per cent femicide — the killing of a woman or girl on the basis of gender, a more serious charge that calls for up to 70 years in jail.

Last year, the number of femicides rose even as murders of men fell slightly, according to government data. Mexico remains engulfed in gang violence that kills mostly men.

For every 100 women killed, 4 sentences

Hefty prison sentences for femicide do not help when murders often go unreported and are not investigated adequately, Melissa Fernandez, a researcher at University of the Cloister of Sor Juana in Mexico City, specializing in gender violence, told Reuters.

Government data from 2019 showed that for every 100 women killed in Mexico, only four result in sentences.

Fighting femicide, Fernandez said, requires tackling slow police responses and ensuring law enforcement follow protocols for possible gender-based killings.

“Hell, it needs to be said: In this country, men murder women because they can,” said Fernandez, who also singled out a media culture that often trivializes the murder of women and girls.

On Friday, women across Latin America marched in an international day of protests against gender violence.